Tips For Celebrating Christmas In Europe

Introduction

Christmas is a magical time of year, and there’s no better place to experience the holiday spirit than in Europe. From traditional markets selling handcrafted gifts to enchanting light displays and festive celebrations, Europe offers a unique and memorable experience for visitors during the Christmas season.

Europe is renowned for its rich history and diverse cultures, and each country has its own unique way of celebrating Christmas. Whether you wander the cobblestone streets of Prague, sip hot mulled wine in Vienna, or marvel at the stunning light displays in Paris, there are countless opportunities to immerse yourself in the holiday cheer.

In this article, we will explore the best European destinations for Christmas celebrations, the vibrant and festive markets where you can find unique gifts and souvenirs, the delectable Christmas cuisine that will tempt your taste buds, and the fascinating traditions and decorations that make Europe truly magical during the holiday season.

Whether you are planning a trip to Europe or simply seeking inspiration for your own festive celebrations, this guide will provide valuable insights and tips for experiencing the best of Christmas in Europe.

Christmas Traditions in Europe

Christmas traditions in Europe vary from country to country, but they all share a common thread of festive celebrations and customs. Here are some of the most beloved Christmas traditions in Europe:

• Advent Calendar: Advent calendars are a popular tradition throughout Europe. These calendars mark the days leading up to Christmas, with each day offering a small surprise or treat behind a numbered door. They are a delightful way to count down to the big day and add a sense of anticipation to the holiday season.
• Advent Wreath: Another cherished tradition is the Advent wreath. The wreath, made of evergreen branches, is adorned with four candles, one for each Sunday of Advent. Each Sunday leading up to Christmas, a candle is lit, symbolizing the gradual illuminating of the world by the birth of Jesus.
• Midnight Mass: Attending Midnight Mass on Christmas Eve is a common tradition across Europe. Churches are beautifully decorated, and the atmosphere is filled with reverence and joy. It is a special time for families to come together and celebrate the birth of Christ.
• Feasting: A feast is an integral part of Christmas celebrations in Europe. Families gather around the table to indulge in delicious traditional dishes. From roasted goose in Germany to buche de Noel (Yule log cake) in France, the festive cuisine varies but always represents the heart and soul of the holiday.
• Gift-Giving: The tradition of exchanging gifts is deeply rooted in European Christmas celebrations. Children eagerly await the arrival of St. Nicholas or Father Christmas, who brings presents on the night of December 24th or December 25th. Some countries also have the tradition of leaving shoes by the fireplace to be filled with treats and small gifts.
• Christmas Markets: Perhaps one of the most beloved traditions in Europe is the Christmas market. These markets pop up in cities and towns throughout the continent, offering a festive atmosphere with twinkling lights, aromatic food stalls, and artisans selling handmade crafts and gifts. Exploring these markets is a delightful way to immerse yourself in the holiday spirit.

These traditions highlight the cultural diversity and significance of Christmas in Europe. Whether you participate in all the customs or just a few, embracing these traditions will undoubtedly enhance your Christmas experience in Europe.

Best European Destinations for Christmas Celebrations

Europe is home to some of the most enchanting and festive destinations during the Christmas season. Here are a few of the best European cities to visit for a truly memorable Christmas experience:

• Vienna, Austria: Known for its magical Christmas markets, Vienna offers a fairytale-like atmosphere during the holiday season. The city’s imposing architecture is beautifully adorned with lights, and the markets offer a wide range of crafts, decorations, and delicious treats.
• Prague, Czech Republic: Prague’s medieval charm is even more enchanting during Christmas. The Old Town Square hosts a bustling Christmas market with traditional food, handicrafts, and a giant Christmas tree. The scent of gingerbread and mulled wine permeates the air, creating an atmosphere of warmth and joy.
• Copenhagen, Denmark: Tivoli Gardens in Copenhagen transforms into a winter wonderland during Christmas. The amusement park is adorned with thousands of twinkling lights, and visitors can enjoy festive performances, ice skating, and traditional Danish Christmas delicacies.
• Strasbourg, France: Known as the “Capital of Christmas,” Strasbourg boasts one of Europe’s oldest and most charming Christmas markets. The city’s historic center is beautifully decorated with lights and decorations, and the market offers a wide range of crafts, food, and festive entertainment.
• Colmar, France: Colmar’s quaint cobblestone streets and half-timbered houses create a picturesque backdrop for its Christmas market. The market is known for its medieval theme, with craftsmen showcasing traditional skills and handcrafted goods.
• Munich, Germany: Munich’s Christkindlmarkt is a must-visit for any Christmas enthusiast. Spread across several squares, the market features a variety of stalls selling crafts, food, and drinks. Don’t miss the opportunity to try a steaming mug of glühwein (mulled wine).

These are just a few examples of the best European destinations for Christmas celebrations. Each city offers its own unique charm and festive atmosphere, ensuring an unforgettable holiday experience. Whether you prefer a bustling metropolis or a quaint town, Europe has something for everyone to enjoy during the Christmas season.

Festive Markets and Shopping

One of the highlights of Christmas in Europe is the vibrant and enchanting Christmas markets. These markets capture the essence of the holiday season, offering a magical atmosphere filled with lights, music, and the fragrance of traditional delights. Here are a few key aspects of Christmas markets and shopping in Europe:

Market Experiences:

Visiting a Christmas market in Europe is like stepping into a winter wonderland. Rows of wooden stalls adorned with twinkling lights and decorations create a festive ambiance that is hard to resist. Whether you’re in Vienna, Prague, or Cologne, you’ll find a vast array of unique gifts, handcrafted ornaments, locally-made crafts, and delicious treats.

Traditional Delights:

Christmas markets are renowned for their delicious food and drinks. Indulge in tasty local delicacies such as roasted chestnuts, gingerbread cookies, warm pretzels, and aromatic mulled wine. The aroma of these festive treats adds to the magical atmosphere and entices visitors to savor the flavors of the season.

Unique Gifts:

Christmas markets are the perfect place to find unique, handcrafted gifts. Whether you’re searching for intricate ornaments, traditional toys, or handmade clothing items, the markets offer a wide range of one-of-a-kind treasures. By shopping at these markets, you not only support local artisans but also give your loved ones something truly special.

Atmosphere and Entertainment:

Beyond shopping, Christmas markets in Europe provide a festive experience with live music performances, carol singers, and even ice-skating rinks in some locations. The joyful atmosphere is contagious, making it impossible not to be swept up in the holiday spirit.

Tips for Christmas Market Shopping:

• Arrive early to beat the crowds and have first dibs on the best items available.
• Bring cash in small denominations, as some stalls may not accept card payments.
• Dress warmly, as Christmas markets are generally held outdoors and can get chilly.
• Sample the local food and drinks to truly immerse yourself in the festive experience.
• Take your time to explore each stall and interact with the vendors, who can often share interesting stories and insights about their products.

Exploring the festive markets and shopping in Europe is not just about purchasing items; it’s about immersing yourself in the holiday spirit and creating lasting memories. Be prepared for a sensory overload of sights, sounds, and flavors that will make your Christmas truly magical.

Christmas Cuisine in Europe

Christmas is not just a time for gifts and decorations, but also for indulging in delicious traditional dishes. In Europe, each country has its own unique Christmas culinary traditions that add a special touch to the festive season. Here are some highlights of Christmas cuisine in Europe:

Roast Turkey or Goose:

In many European countries, a roasted turkey or goose takes center stage on the Christmas dinner table. The succulent meat, often accompanied by flavorful stuffing, is a symbol of abundance and celebration. Families gather around to enjoy this festive main course, usually served with rich gravy and a variety of side dishes.

Bacalao:

In countries like Spain and Portugal, bacalao, or salted cod, is a traditional Christmas dish. It is often prepared in various ways, such as in a rich stew or baked with potatoes and onions. The unique taste and texture of bacalao make it a beloved festive option in these regions.

Smörgåsbord:

In Sweden and other Scandinavian countries, the Christmas smörgåsbord, or buffet, is a highlight of the holiday season. It features a wide variety of dishes, including pickled herring, Swedish meatballs, cured salmon, and an assortment of cheeses and bread. The smörgåsbord is a feast for the senses, offering a range of flavors and textures.

Lebkuchen and Stollen:

In Germany, Christmas treats take the form of lebkuchen and stollen. Lebkuchen is a spiced gingerbread cookie, often shaped into hearts or stars and decorated with icing. Stollen is a rich and fruity yeast cake filled with marzipan. These sweet delights are often enjoyed with a warm cup of mulled wine, adding to the festive atmosphere.

Panettone:

In Italy, panettone is a traditional Christmas bread-like cake that is enjoyed during the holiday season. It is typically filled with candied fruits and nuts, giving it a rich and fruity flavor. Panettone is often served alongside a glass of sweet wine, such as Moscato or Prosecco, and is a favorite treat among Italians and visitors alike.

These are just a few examples of the diverse and delicious Christmas cuisine in Europe. Each country has its own traditional dishes and flavors that make the holiday season extra special. Exploring and savoring these festive treats is a delightful way to immerse yourself in the culture and traditions of the region you are visiting during Christmas.

Traditional Crafts and Decorations

When it comes to Christmas in Europe, the festive spirit is not only evident in food and celebrations but also in the traditional crafts and decorations that adorn homes and public spaces. These crafts and decorations add a sense of warmth and joy to the holiday season. Here are some of the traditional crafts and decorations you’ll encounter in Europe:

Ornaments:

Handmade ornaments are a hallmark of Christmas in Europe. These ornaments are often crafted from materials like wood, glass, or ceramic and come in a variety of shapes and designs. Common motifs include angels, snowflakes, and animals. Hanging these exquisite ornaments on the Christmas tree is a cherished tradition that adds a personal touch to the festivities.

Candles and Candle Holders:

Candles play a significant role in European Christmas traditions. Advent candles, often displayed on an Advent wreath, are a symbol of the approaching holiday season. Additionally, festive candle holders and candle arches (Schwibbogen) are popular in countries like Germany, providing a warm and cozy glow in homes and Christmas markets.

Nativity Scenes:

The nativity scene, depicting the birth of Jesus, holds a special place in European Christmas traditions. Elaborate nativity scenes can be found in churches, town squares, and even private homes. These scenes often include figurines made of wood or ceramic, representing the Holy Family, shepherds, wise men, and various animals, creating a beautiful tableau.

Wreaths and Garland:

Wreaths and garlands are traditional decorations that bring a festive touch to European homes. Advent wreaths, adorned with candles, signify the four Sundays leading up to Christmas. Evergreen garlands are often draped along staircases, mantels, and doorways, symbolizing everlasting life and adding a touch of natural beauty to the décor.

Paper Crafts:

Paper crafts are a popular choice for creating festive decorations. In countries like Germany and Switzerland, intricate paper stars, known as Froebel stars, are hung from ceilings and windows, creating a whimsical atmosphere. Paper snowflakes, folded and cut into delicate patterns, also adorn many European homes during the holiday season.

Hand-Carved Nutcrackers and Smoking Men:

Originating in Germany, nutcrackers and smoking men are iconic Christmas decorations. Nutcrackers, often carved from wood and featuring colorful uniforms, stand tall as decorative pieces. Smoking men, also carved from wood, have a small compartment where incense is placed, creating a fragrant aroma as the smoke gently wafts out, adding a unique touch to the festive ambiance.

These traditional crafts and decorations add a touch of nostalgia and authenticity to Christmas celebrations in Europe. From the intricate details of handmade ornaments to the warm glow of candlelight, these festive adornments create a truly enchanting holiday atmosphere. Immerse yourself in the traditions and craftsmanship of Europe during Christmas and experience the magic firsthand.

Advent Calendar and Advent Wreath

The Advent calendar and Advent wreath are two cherished traditions in Europe that mark the countdown to Christmas. These customs not only create a sense of anticipation but also serve as reminders of the true meaning of the holiday season. Let’s explore the significance and customs associated with the Advent calendar and Advent wreath:

Advent Calendar:

An Advent calendar is a special calendar used to count the days from December 1st to December 24th, leading up to Christmas Eve. It is designed with numbered doors or compartments, behind which small surprises, such as chocolates or small gifts, are hidden. Children, in particular, eagerly anticipate opening a door each day to reveal the surprise inside.

The Advent calendar originated in Germany in the 19th century and has since become a beloved tradition across Europe and around the world. It serves as a visual representation of the countdown to Christmas and adds excitement and anticipation to each passing day. While traditional Advent calendars had religious motifs, such as biblical scenes, modern versions come in a variety of themes, including religious, pop culture, and even DIY versions.

Advent Wreath:

An Advent wreath is a circular wreath made of evergreen branches, typically adorned with four candles. It symbolizes the four Sundays of Advent, which mark the beginning of the Christian liturgical year. Each Sunday leading up to Christmas, a candle is lit, representing the coming of light into the world with the birth of Jesus.

The Advent wreath tradition originated in 19th-century Germany and has spread throughout Europe. The wreath is often placed on a table or hung in a prominent location, and in some traditions, it’s accompanied by prayers or scripture readings during the lighting of the candles. The first candle represents hope, the second symbolizes peace, the third represents joy, and the fourth signifies love. On Christmas Day, a fifth candle, often white, is lit to celebrate the birth of Christ.

Both the Advent calendar and Advent wreath hold deep symbolic meaning and provide a way for families to embrace the anticipation and preparation for Christmas. Together, these traditions serve as a beautiful reminder of the spiritual significance behind the holiday season and create moments for reflection and celebration throughout the Advent period.

Christmas Concerts and Performances

Christmas concerts and performances are a beloved part of the holiday season in Europe. From majestic cathedral choirs to lively street performances, these musical events add a touch of magic and joy to the festivities. Here’s a closer look at the wonderful world of Christmas concerts and performances in Europe:

Cathedral Choirs:

Attending a Christmas concert in a historic cathedral is a truly mesmerizing experience. The stunning acoustics of these grand venues enhance the performances of renowned choirs and orchestras, creating a magical atmosphere. From soaring renditions of classic Christmas carols to breathtaking choral arrangements, cathedral concerts transport audiences to a realm of pure awe and wonder.

Street Musicians and Buskers:

European cities come alive with the sounds of music during the holiday season. Street musicians and buskers fill the air with delightful melodies, adding a festive charm to bustling squares and shopping streets. From cheerful carolers to talented instrumentalists, these spontaneous performances bring smiles to the faces of passersby and create a cheerful ambiance.

Opera and Ballet:

Many opera houses and theaters in Europe stage special performances during the Christmas season. From beloved classics such as Tchaikovsky’s “The Nutcracker” ballet to opera adaptations of holiday-themed stories, these world-class productions transport audiences to enchanting worlds of music and dance. Attending a Christmas opera or ballet is a delightful way to immerse oneself in the arts and embrace the holiday spirit.

Christmas Music Festivals:

Various cities across Europe host music festivals dedicated to celebrating the sounds of Christmas. These festivals feature a lineup of talented musicians and performers who showcase a range of genres, from classical to contemporary. Whether it’s a large-scale concert in a concert hall or an intimate gathering in a charming venue, these festivals offer something for every musical taste.

Community Choirs and Sing-Alongs:

Community choirs play a significant role in the Christmas celebrations of many European towns and villages. These choirs, made up of local residents of all ages, bring the community together through their heartfelt performances. Sing-along events also encourage audience participation, allowing everyone to join in the festive songs and create a sense of unity and joy.

Attending a Christmas concert or performance in Europe is a wonderful way to immerse oneself in the holiday spirit and experience the magic of live music and performances. Whether it’s a grand cathedral concert, a lively street performance, or a festive community sing-along, the enchanting melodies and joyful atmosphere will leave lasting memories and warm the hearts of all who attend.

Outdoor Activities and Winter Sports

Winter in Europe offers a plethora of outdoor activities and winter sports that take advantage of the snowy landscapes and chilly temperatures. From exhilarating sports to serene winter walks, there are abundant opportunities to embrace the beauty of the season. Here are some of the top outdoor activities and winter sports to enjoy during the Christmas season in Europe:

Skiing and Snowboarding:

Europe is famous for its world-class ski resorts that cater to all levels of skiers and snowboarders. Countries like Switzerland, Austria, and France boast stunning mountain ranges with well-groomed slopes and modern facilities. Whether you’re a beginner or an expert, hitting the slopes offers adrenaline-pumping fun and breathtaking alpine views.

Ice Skating:

Ice skating is a popular winter activity in Europe, and many cities set up ice rinks during the Christmas season. From iconic locations like Somerset House in London to the picturesque rinks in Vienna and Amsterdam, ice skating provides a perfect opportunity to glide across the ice, enjoy some romantic moments, or have fun with family and friends.

Snowshoeing and Winter Hiking:

For those who prefer a more relaxed outdoor experience, snowshoeing and winter hiking allow you to immerse yourself in the serene winter landscapes. Many European destinations offer marked trails and guided tours, providing a chance to explore snow-covered forests, frozen lakes, and picturesque mountain vistas while enjoying the tranquility of nature.

Sleigh Rides:

Embrace the nostalgia of a winter wonderland by going on a traditional sleigh ride. Pulled by horses through the snowy countryside or in enchanting mountain settings, sleigh rides offer a magical experience straight out of a fairytale. Whether it’s a romantic ride for two or a festive group excursion, it’s a charming way to soak up the scenic beauty of winter.

Cross-Country Skiing:

Cross-country skiing, also known as Nordic skiing, is a popular winter activity that combines scenic exploration with a great workout. Europe boasts numerous cross-country ski trails that wind through forests, valleys, and mountain landscapes. It’s an excellent way to connect with nature, immerse yourself in the winter environment, and enjoy the peace and quiet of the outdoors.

Snow Tubing and Tobogganing:

If you’re looking for some pure, unadulterated fun in the snow, snow tubing and tobogganing are ideal activities. Hop onto an inflatable tube or traditional wooden sled and race down slopes specifically designed for these activities. Whether you’re a child or a child at heart, these thrilling rides will never fail to bring laughter and excitement.

Whether you’re seeking adventure on the slopes, peaceful nature walks, or exhilarating rides, Europe offers a wide range of outdoor activities and winter sports during the Christmas season. From picturesque ski resorts to enchanting winter wonderlands, the possibilities are endless for creating unforgettable memories and embracing the joys of wintertime.

Christmas Eve and Christmas Day Celebrations

Christmas Eve and Christmas Day in Europe are filled with meaningful traditions, festive gatherings, and joyful celebrations. Families and communities come together to embrace the spirit of the holiday season and create lasting memories. Here’s a glimpse into the unique Christmas Eve and Christmas Day celebrations in Europe:

Midnight Mass:

Attending Midnight Mass on Christmas Eve is a cherished tradition across Europe. Churches are beautifully decorated with candlelit altars, wreaths, and nativity scenes, creating a serene and reverent atmosphere. The service, often held late on the night of December 24th, celebrates the birth of Jesus Christ and offers a time of reflection and prayer for the faithful.

Traditional Family Gatherings:

Christmas Eve is a time for families to come together and enjoy a festive meal. Each culture has its own traditional dishes that are prepared with love and shared among loved ones. From roasted meats and fish dishes to festive desserts and regional specialties, the feast is an opportunity to savor delicious food, exchange gifts, and spend quality time with family members.

Candlelit Trees and Present Opening:

In many European households, the Christmas tree is lit for the first time on Christmas Eve. The family gathers around the tree, often adorned with handmade and meaningful ornaments, and enjoys its warm glow. Presents are placed beneath the tree, and children eagerly wait for the signal to open them. It is a joyful moment of excitement and togetherness.

Caroling and Music:

Caroling is an age-old tradition on Christmas Eve and Christmas Day in Europe. Groups of friends, families, or even entire communities go from door to door, singing festive carols and spreading holiday cheer. Churches also hold special choir performances and concerts that showcase beautiful renditions of traditional hymns and iconic Christmas songs.

St. Nicholas and Santa Claus:

In several European countries, the arrival of St. Nicholas or Santa Claus is eagerly anticipated on the night of December 5th or 6th, depending on the tradition. Gifts and treats are left by St. Nicholas or Santa Claus in the children’s shoes or stockings, symbolizing the generosity and joy of the season. This tradition adds an extra element of excitement and surprise to the Christmas festivities.

Christmas Day Feast and Celebration:

Christmas Day in Europe is typically celebrated with another festive meal shared with family and loved ones. It is a day of joy, relaxation, and gratitude. Families gather around the table to enjoy special dishes and continue the celebration of the holiday. It is also a time for exchanging warm wishes, playing games, and embracing the joyous spirit of the season.

These Christmas Eve and Christmas Day celebrations highlight the cultural richness and diversity found across Europe during the holiday season. From religious traditions to family gatherings, the focus is on love, togetherness, and the joy of sharing in the festivities. Embracing these traditions allows visitors and locals alike to fully immerse themselves in the magic and warmth of Christmas in Europe.

New Year’s Eve Festivities

New Year’s Eve is a night of celebration and anticipation as the world bids farewell to the old year and welcomes in the new. In Europe, the festivities are accompanied by a myriad of traditions and exciting events that create a festive atmosphere and a night to remember. Here’s a glimpse into the vibrant New Year’s Eve celebrations in Europe:

Fireworks Extravaganzas:

Fireworks light up the skies over cities and towns throughout Europe on New Year’s Eve. Spectacular displays draw crowds to iconic landmarks such as the Eiffel Tower in Paris, Brandenburg Gate in Berlin, and the River Thames in London. The breathtaking explosions of color and light symbolize a fresh start and fill the night air with excitement and joy.

Street Parties and Festivals:

Many European cities host lively and energetic street parties to ring in the New Year. Town squares and public spaces are transformed into crowded hubs of celebration, complete with live music, street performers, dancing, and delicious food stalls. Regardless of the location, joining these vibrant gatherings is a fantastic way to immerse oneself in the festive spirit and embrace the energy of the night.

Midnight Toast and Countdown:

As the clock approaches midnight, gathering friends and family to toast to the New Year is a common European tradition. Champagne, sparkling wine, or traditional drinks are raised, and heartfelt wishes and resolutions are shared. The countdown to midnight intensifies the anticipation, with everyone joining in to welcome the New Year together.

First-Footing:

In parts of the UK, including Scotland, the first person to enter the house after midnight is known as the “first-footer.” This individual is believed to bring good fortune for the coming year. It is customary for the first-footer to carry symbolic gifts like coal, bread, or whiskey to ensure prosperity, hospitality, and joy.

New Year’s Concerts:

Classical music lovers in Europe can enjoy special New Year’s concerts, particularly the prestigious Vienna Philharmonic New Year’s Concert. Held in the Golden Hall of the Vienna Musikverein, this concert, and others like it, offer a captivating performance of lively and enchanting classical compositions to welcome the New Year on a melodious note.

Wishing Lanterns:

Releasing paper lanterns into the night sky is a popular tradition in some European countries. People write their wishes or resolutions on the lanterns before lighting the fuel cell, allowing them to float upward. The glowing lanterns create a magical spectacle and symbolize the hopes and dreams for the coming year.

These New Year’s Eve festivities capture the spirit of joy, hope, and celebration felt throughout Europe. Whether it’s a grand fireworks display, a bustling street party, or a quiet gathering with loved ones, welcoming the New Year in Europe is a vibrant and memorable experience. Embracing these traditions allows one to join in the collective excitement and create lasting memories as the clock strikes midnight.

Conclusion

Christmas in Europe is a truly magical time, filled with enchanting traditions, festive celebrations, and a sense of warmth and joy. From the bustling Christmas markets to the grand cathedrals hosting Midnight Mass, the continent offers a unique and unforgettable experience for visitors during the holiday season.

Throughout Europe, you’ll find a tapestry of cultures and customs that come together to create a rich and diverse Christmas experience. Whether it’s enjoying traditional cuisine, exploring the craftsmanship of handmade ornaments, or participating in age-old traditions like the Advent calendar and Advent wreath, there are countless ways to embrace the holiday spirit.

Outdoor activities and winter sports add another layer of excitement and adventure to the celebrations. From skiing down pristine slopes to ice skating in picturesque city centers, there’s something for everyone to enjoy during the snowy season. Experiencing the beauty of Europe’s winter landscapes is truly a feast for the senses.

As New Year’s Eve approaches, the festivities continue, with fireworks, street parties, and concerts to welcome the coming year. The joy and anticipation are palpable as people gather to toast and celebrate, creating dazzling memories that will last a lifetime.

Whether you’re seeking a traditional Christmas experience or looking for something new and exciting, Europe offers a multitude of opportunities to make the most of the holiday season. The diverse cultures, stunning landscapes, and vibrant celebrations come together to create a Christmas experience that is as unique as it is unforgettable.

So, pack your warmest clothes, embrace the holiday spirit, and set off on an unforgettable journey to experience Christmas in Europe. Immerse yourself in the traditions, savor the festive flavors, and create memories that will last a lifetime. Whether you’re exploring the enchanting Christmas markets or hitting the slopes of a breathtaking ski resort, Christmas in Europe is truly a magical experience that will leave you with a heart full of joy and a spirit renewed.