Northern Lights Guide: How To See & Photograph The Aurora (Iceland)

Introduction

Welcome to the ultimate guide to experiencing the mesmerizing beauty of the Northern Lights in Iceland.

The Northern Lights, also known as the Aurora Borealis, are a natural phenomenon that occurs in the Earth’s polar regions. Iceland, with its breathtaking landscapes and pristine night skies, is one of the best places in the world to witness this spectacle of light and color.

As elusive as they are stunning, the Northern Lights dance across the night sky, creating a celestial ballet of vibrant greens, pinks, and purples. It’s a sight that has captivated people for centuries, inspiring awe and wonder.

In this comprehensive guide, we will delve into the mysteries of the Northern Lights and provide you with all the information you need to plan your unforgettable adventure in Iceland. From the best time to see the lights to the recommended locations, we’ve got you covered.

Whether you’re a seasoned traveler or a first-time adventurer, we will also share tips on how to prepare for your Northern Lights expedition and the essential gear you need for successful aurora photography.

So, get ready to embark on a once-in-a-lifetime journey to witness the brilliance of the Northern Lights in Iceland. Let’s begin by understanding the science and enchantment behind this natural phenomenon.

Understanding the Northern Lights

The Northern Lights are a breathtaking display of light and color that occur when charged particles from the sun collide with atoms in the Earth’s atmosphere. These charged particles, also known as solar wind, are drawn towards the Earth’s magnetic north and south poles.

When the charged particles enter the atmosphere, they interact with gases such as oxygen and nitrogen, exciting the atoms and releasing energy in the form of light. This phenomenon creates the mesmerizing and ever-changing lights of the Aurora Borealis.

The colors observed in the Northern Lights depend on the type of gas and the altitude at which the interaction occurs. Oxygen tends to produce green and red lights, while nitrogen produces blue and purple lights. The variations in color intensity and patterns ensure that each Northern Lights display is unique.

The Northern Lights are most commonly visible in high-latitude regions near the Earth’s poles. Iceland’s proximity to the Arctic Circle makes it an ideal location for witnessing this natural wonder. Due to its geographic position, Iceland experiences darker nights during the winter months, providing ample opportunities for spotting and photographing the Northern Lights.

Scientists have long studied the causes and patterns of the Northern Lights, but some elements of this phenomenon still remain a mystery. The occurrence and intensity of the lights are influenced by a range of factors, including solar activity, geomagnetic storms, and weather conditions. It is this unpredictability that adds an air of excitement to the Northern Lights chase.

It’s important to note that the Northern Lights are typically visible during the late evening and early morning hours when the skies are darker and free from light pollution. Patience and a bit of luck are often required to witness this awe-inspiring spectacle, but the rewards of seeing the dancing lights are truly worth it.

Now that we have a basic understanding of the science behind the Northern Lights, let’s explore the best time to see them in Iceland.

Best Time to See the Northern Lights in Iceland

Iceland is renowned for its stunning landscapes and natural wonders, including the extraordinary Northern Lights. To increase your chances of witnessing this mesmerizing phenomenon, it’s important to plan your visit during the optimal time of year.

The Northern Lights are generally visible in Iceland from late August to early April, with the peak season occurring between September and March. This is when the nights are longest and the skies are darkest, providing a better opportunity to see and photograph the auroras.

During the peak season, you’ll have around 6 to 8 hours of darkness each night, giving you ample time to search for the Northern Lights in different locations across the country. It’s worth noting that the lights tend to be more active around midnight, but they can be visible as early as 8 or 9 p.m.

While the winter months offer the best chances to witness the Northern Lights, it’s important to consider weather conditions as well. Cloud cover can obstruct the view, so it’s recommended to keep an eye on weather forecasts and be flexible with your travel plans. Clear nights with minimal cloud coverage will offer the highest probability of seeing the lights.

Another factor to keep in mind is the moon phase. The best time to see the Northern Lights is during a new moon or when the moon is in its waning crescent phase. A bright full moon can reduce the visibility of the lights, so planning your trip around the moon phase can greatly enhance your experience.

It’s important to remember that the Northern Lights are a natural phenomenon, and their appearance can never be guaranteed. They are influenced by various factors such as solar activity, geomagnetic storms, and atmospheric conditions. Therefore, even during the peak season, there might be nights when the lights are not visible. But don’t let this deter you! Patience and perseverance can lead to unforgettable encounters with this celestial wonder.

Now that you have a better understanding of the best time to see the Northern Lights in Iceland, let’s explore the recommended locations for witnessing this captivating spectacle.

Recommended Locations in Iceland

Iceland offers a plethora of incredible locations to witness the Northern Lights. Here are some of the top spots that are known for their stunning displays of the auroras:

1. Reykjavik: The capital city of Iceland is a convenient starting point for your Northern Lights adventure. While Reykjavik itself can suffer from light pollution, you can venture just outside the city to find darker skies. The nearby areas of Reykjanes and Grótta Lighthouse are popular spots for enjoying the lights.
2. Thingvellir National Park: Located about 40 kilometers from Reykjavik, Thingvellir National Park boasts not only incredible natural beauty but also dark and clear skies. The park is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and provides a picturesque setting for witnessing the Northern Lights.
3. Snaefellsnes Peninsula: This stunning peninsula on Iceland’s west coast offers a diverse range of landscapes, including dramatic cliffs, volcanic peaks, and picturesque fishing villages. The remote and rural nature of the area makes it an ideal location for experiencing the Northern Lights away from the hustle and bustle.
4. Kirkjufell: Located on the Snaefellsnes Peninsula, Kirkjufell is one of the most iconic and photographed mountains in Iceland. Its distinct shape and picturesque surroundings make it a favorite spot for capturing the Northern Lights in all their glory.
5. Jökulsárlón Glacier Lagoon: Situated in southeastern Iceland, Jökulsárlón is a spellbinding glacier lagoon dotted with icebergs. The still waters of the lagoon provide a stunning reflection of the Northern Lights dancing above, creating an otherworldly and magical atmosphere.
6. Landmannalaugar: Known for its otherworldly landscapes, Landmannalaugar is a remote and rugged region in the Highlands of Iceland. Its geothermal activity, colorful mountains, and hot springs create a truly unique setting for witnessing the Northern Lights.

These locations offer both accessibility and exceptional beauty, making them ideal choices for experiencing the Northern Lights. However, it’s important to remember that the lights are a natural phenomenon, and their appearance can never be guaranteed. Be prepared to travel to different locations based on weather conditions and stay informed about the aurora forecasts to maximize your chances of witnessing the lights.

Now that you know the best locations to witness the Northern Lights in Iceland, let’s move on to the next section and learn how to prepare for your Northern Lights expedition.

How to Prepare for Your Northern Lights Expedition

Preparing for your Northern Lights expedition in Iceland involves a combination of careful planning, packing the right gear, and staying informed. Here are some essential tips to ensure you make the most of your adventure:

1. Research and plan: Familiarize yourself with the best time to see the Northern Lights and the recommended locations in Iceland. Consider the duration of your trip and plan your itinerary accordingly. It’s also a good idea to research local tour operators or guides who can provide expert knowledge and increase your chances of spotting the lights.
2. Check the aurora forecasts: Stay updated with the latest aurora forecasts and space weather predictions. Websites and mobile apps dedicated to tracking the Northern Lights, such as the Icelandic Met Office, can provide valuable information about the activity levels and potential visibility of the lights. These forecasts can help you decide on the best time and location to observe the auroras.
3. Dress for the weather: Iceland’s winter temperatures can be quite cold, especially during the night when you’ll be searching for the Northern Lights. It’s essential to dress in warm layers, including thermal base layers, a good quality winter jacket, insulated pants, warm socks, hats, scarves, and gloves. Don’t forget to pack sturdy and waterproof boots to keep your feet comfortable and protected.
4. Minimize light pollution: To fully appreciate the Northern Lights, it’s crucial to find locations away from artificial light sources. Choose accommodations and viewing spots that are far from cities and towns to experience the lights in their full glory. Additionally, avoid using bright phone screens during your expedition, as they can hinder your night vision.
5. Stay patient and persistent: Seeing the Northern Lights is not guaranteed, even during the best conditions. It requires patience and persistence to wait for clear skies and active aurora activity. Be prepared to spend several hours outside, and remember that nature works on its schedule. Don’t get discouraged if you don’t see the lights immediately; sometimes, the most magical displays occur unexpectedly.
6. Be flexible: Weather conditions can change rapidly in Iceland, so it’s important to be flexible with your plans. If the weather forecast for your intended location is cloudy or unfavorable, consider adjusting your itinerary to other regions with better conditions. Flexibility will increase your chances of witnessing the Northern Lights.
7. Keep your camera battery charged: Photography plays a significant role in capturing the beauty of the Northern Lights. Make sure to carry spare camera batteries and keep them fully charged. Cold temperatures can drain battery life quickly, so it’s advisable to keep the batteries close to your body for warmth when not in use.

By following these preparation tips, you’ll be well-equipped to embark on your Northern Lights expedition in Iceland. Now, let’s explore the essential gear you’ll need for capturing the mesmerizing auroras through photography.

Essential Gear for Northern Lights Photography

Capturing the awe-inspiring beauty of the Northern Lights through photography requires the right equipment and preparation. Here are the essential gear items you’ll need for successful Northern Lights photography in Iceland:

1. A DSLR or Mirrorless Camera: Invest in a good quality camera with manual shooting capabilities. A DSLR or mirrorless camera will give you the flexibility to adjust settings such as aperture, shutter speed, and ISO, which are crucial for capturing the Northern Lights.
2. Wide-angle Lens: Use a wide-angle lens with a low focal length, typically between 14mm and 24mm, to capture a broader view of the night sky. This will allow you to include more of the auroras and the surrounding landscape in your shots.
3. Sturdy Tripod: A sturdy tripod is essential for keeping your camera stable during long exposure shots. Look for a tripod that can withstand windy conditions and extend to your desired height. This will help eliminate camera shake and ensure sharp images.
4. Remote Shutter Release: A remote shutter release or cable release will enable you to trigger the camera without touching it, minimizing any movement during long exposures. This is especially useful for capturing the subtle details and movements of the Northern Lights.
5. Spare Batteries and Memory Cards: Cold temperatures can drain your camera battery quickly, so always carry spare fully charged batteries. Additionally, bring plenty of memory cards to accommodate the large file sizes associated with night sky photography.
6. Headlamp or Flashlight: A headlamp or flashlight will help you navigate in the dark and adjust camera settings. Look for a headlamp with a red light option, as it is less likely to disturb your night vision or disrupt the experience for others around you.
7. Camera Bag or Backpack: Invest in a sturdy and weather-resistant camera bag or backpack to keep your gear organized and protected during your Northern Lights expedition. Opt for a bag that is comfortable to carry and has enough space for all your equipment.
8. Extra Warm Clothing: As you’ll be spending hours outside during the night, it’s important to dress warmly. Pack extra layers of warm clothing, including thermal base layers, insulated jackets, hats, gloves, and socks, to keep yourself comfortable and focused on capturing the perfect shot.

Remember to familiarize yourself with your camera settings before your trip and practice shooting in low-light conditions. Experiment with different exposure times, ISO values, and aperture settings to find the optimal combination for capturing the Northern Lights.

With the right gear and preparation, you’ll be ready to capture the breathtaking beauty of the Northern Lights and create stunning photographs that will forever remind you of your adventure in Iceland.

Now that you have the essential gear, let’s move on to the next section and discover the camera settings to use for capturing the mesmerizing auroras.

Camera Settings for Capturing the Aurora

Proper camera settings are crucial for capturing the beauty and magic of the Northern Lights. Here are the recommended settings to use when photographing the auroras in Iceland:

1. Shoot in Manual Mode: Set your camera to manual mode to have full control over the exposure settings. This allows you to adjust the aperture, shutter speed, and ISO according to the lighting conditions.
2. Aperture: Use a wide aperture (low f-stop value) to let in as much light as possible. A range between f/2.8 and f/4 is recommended, as it allows more light to reach the camera sensor, resulting in brighter and more detailed images of the Northern Lights.
3. Shutter Speed: Set your shutter speed to a relatively long exposure time to capture the movement and intricacies of the Northern Lights. Start with a shutter speed around 10-15 seconds and adjust as needed based on the brightness and activity of the auroras. Longer exposure times, up to 30 seconds or more, can be used for fainter auroras.
4. ISO: Increase your camera’s ISO to a higher value to make the sensor more sensitive to light. Begin with ISO 800-1600, and adjust as necessary based on the brightness of the auroras and the desired level of noise in your images. Keep in mind that higher ISO settings can introduce more noise into your photos.
5. White Balance: Set your white balance to “Daylight” or “Auto” to capture the natural colors of the Northern Lights. Experiment with different white balance settings, such as “Tungsten” or “Fluorescent,” to achieve unique color effects if desired.
6. Focus: Switch your camera’s autofocus off and manually focus your lens to infinity. This ensures that the stars and the Northern Lights are in sharp focus. Take a test shot and review the image on your camera’s LCD screen to confirm focus accuracy.
7. Noise Reduction: Enable long exposure noise reduction in your camera settings if available. This feature helps reduce noise caused by long exposure times. However, keep in mind that this can double the time it takes for your camera to process the image.
8. Continuous Shooting Mode: Set your camera to continuous shooting mode or use a remote shutter release to capture multiple frames of the Northern Lights. This will allow you to create stunning composite images or capture any subtle changes in the auroras’ movement.

Remember to review your images periodically to ensure you’re achieving the desired results. Adjust your settings as necessary based on the lighting conditions and the behavior of the Northern Lights. It’s also helpful to bracket your shots by taking multiple exposures at different settings to cover a wider range of possibilities.

Experimenting with different camera settings will allow you to capture the uniqueness and beauty of the Northern Lights in Iceland. Now, let’s move on to the next section where we’ll share some tips to enhance your Northern Lights photography.

Tips for Photographing the Northern Lights

Photographing the Northern Lights can be a challenging yet rewarding experience. Here are some tips that will help you capture stunning images of the auroras in Iceland:

1. Use a sturdy tripod: A stable tripod is essential for long exposure photography. It will prevent camera shake and ensure sharp images during the extended exposure times required for capturing the Northern Lights.
2. Set up your composition beforehand: Before darkness falls, scout your location and plan your composition. Look for interesting foreground elements, such as mountains, trees, or iconic landmarks, to add depth and context to your Northern Lights photos.
3. Experiment with different perspectives: Vary your shooting angles and perspectives to create unique and captivating images. Try shooting low to capture reflections of the auroras in water or include a person in the frame to provide a sense of scale.
4. Create a focal point: While the Northern Lights should be the main attraction, incorporating a secondary focal point in your composition can add depth and interest to your images. Consider including a well-lit cabin, a lone tree, or a group of people gazing at the auroras.
5. Expose for the highlights: When photographing the Northern Lights, it’s important to expose for the brightest part of the auroras to retain detail and prevent overexposure. Use your camera’s histogram to ensure you’re not losing information in the highlights or shadows.
6. Experiment with different shutter speeds: Try varying your shutter speeds to capture different effects of the Northern Lights. Longer exposures, ranging from 10 to 30 seconds or more, can accentuate the movement and create mesmerizing light trails. Shorter exposures can freeze the action and capture sharper details.
7. Take bracketed shots: Bracketing involves taking multiple shots at different exposures to capture a wider range of light and details. This technique can be useful when dealing with the dynamic lighting of the Northern Lights, allowing you to blend the images later for optimal exposure.
8. Be patient and observe: Sometimes, the Northern Lights come and go in waves, making it essential to observe and wait for the perfect moments to capture them. Take breaks from shooting to fully experience the beauty and magic of the auroras.
9. Experiment with post-processing: Post-processing can enhance the colors and details of your Northern Lights images. Explore editing techniques such as adjusting white balance, increasing vibrancy, and reducing noise to bring out the true essence of the auroras.

Remember, every Northern Lights display is unique, and capturing their magnificence requires both technical skill and creative vision. Embrace the opportunity to experiment and let your creativity shine. Be open to capturing the unexpected and cherish the experience of witnessing this extraordinary natural wonder in person.

Now that you’re armed with tips for capturing stunning Northern Lights photographs, it’s important to also consider safety precautions and proper etiquette during your expedition. Let’s explore that further in the next section.

Safety Precautions and Etiquette

As you venture out to witness the captivating Northern Lights in Iceland, it’s important to prioritize safety and practice proper etiquette. Here are some essential safety precautions and guidelines to ensure a safe and respectful experience:

1. Dress appropriately: Iceland’s winter weather can be harsh, so dress in warm and waterproof layers to protect yourself from the cold. Wear sturdy and insulated boots to keep your feet warm and comfortable while navigating icy or uneven terrain.
2. Inform someone about your plans: Before heading out to chase the auroras, let someone know your itinerary, including the locations you plan to visit and your estimated return time. In case of an emergency, this information will be helpful for search and rescue teams.
3. Stay on designated paths and trails: Respect the natural environment by staying on marked paths and trails. This helps preserve delicate ecosystems and ensures your safety while exploring unfamiliar terrain.
4. Use caution near bodies of water: When photographing the Northern Lights near water bodies, such as glaciers, lagoons, or beaches, exercise caution. Be aware of slippery surfaces and high tides to prevent accidents.
5. Keep your surroundings clean: Be mindful of your surroundings and leave no trace. Dispose of any trash properly and refrain from disturbing or damaging the natural environment. Respect wildlife and refrain from feeding or approaching animals.
6. Respect fellow photographers: When in popular Northern Lights viewing areas, be considerate of other photographers. Avoid shining bright lights, talking loudly, or obstructing others’ views. It’s important to create a peaceful and enjoyable atmosphere for everyone.
7. Minimize light pollution: Northern Lights photography requires dark skies, so make an effort to minimize light pollution. Turn off unnecessary lights and avoid using bright screens on your camera or phone, as they can disrupt the experience for others and hinder their ability to see the auroras.
8. Be cautious of the weather: Monitor weather conditions and be prepared for sudden changes. Iceland’s weather can be unpredictable, so always be mindful of wind, snowstorms, and icy conditions. Respect any road closures or warnings due to inclement weather.
9. Follow local guidelines and regulations: Familiarize yourself with Iceland’s laws, regulations, and guidelines regarding the Northern Lights and outdoor activities. Follow any posted rules at specific viewing areas or private properties, and respect any closures or restrictions in place.

By adhering to these safety precautions and practicing proper etiquette, you not only ensure your own well-being but also contribute to the preservation of Iceland’s pristine landscapes for future generations to enjoy.

Now that you are aware of the safety measures and etiquette, let’s explore other ways to experience the Northern Lights in Iceland in case weather conditions do not cooperate.

Other Ways to Experience the Northern Lights in Iceland

If weather conditions prevent you from witnessing the Northern Lights firsthand or if you’re looking for alternative ways to enjoy this natural wonder, there are several unique experiences to consider in Iceland:

1. Northern Lights tours: Joining a Northern Lights tour led by experienced guides can increase your chances of encountering the auroras. These tours often take you to remote and less light-polluted areas, where the visibility of the Northern Lights is higher.
2. Planetarium and Aurora Exhibitions: Visit the Aurora Borealis Observatory or Aurora Reykjavik, where you can explore interactive displays and immersive exhibitions to learn more about the science and folklore surrounding the Northern Lights.
3. Northern Lights cruises: Take to the seas on a Northern Lights cruise. These boat trips often depart from Reykjavik and offer a unique perspective of the auroras from the water. Enjoy the spectacle while surrounded by the tranquility of the open sea.
4. Hot springs and geothermal baths: Experience the Northern Lights while soaking in the warmth of Iceland’s natural hot springs and geothermal baths. Relax under the starry skies as you wait for the auroras to make an appearance.
5. Winter festivals and events: Plan your visit to coincide with winter festivals and events that celebrate Icelandic culture, where you may have the opportunity to witness the Northern Lights as part of the festivities. Check local event calendars for upcoming winter events.
6. Ice cave exploration: Venture into the mesmerizing ice caves of Iceland. These unique formations create stunning photo opportunities with the Northern Lights illuminating the icy interiors.
7. Snowmobiling and Northern Lights combo tours: Combine the thrill of snowmobiling across Iceland’s snowy landscapes with the chance of catching the Northern Lights. These tours offer a thrilling adventure while keeping an eye on the night sky.
8. Sightseeing bus tours: Hop on a sightseeing bus tour that takes you to popular viewpoints and scenic locations while providing insights into Icelandic folklore and the Northern Lights. Enjoy the beauty of Iceland’s landscapes even if the lights aren’t visible.

Remember, although witnessing the Northern Lights in person is a remarkable experience, there are alternatives and unique ways to appreciate their magic even when visibility is limited. Each of these experiences offers its own charm and allows you to immerse yourself in Iceland’s natural and cultural wonders.

Now that you’re equipped with various ways to experience the Northern Lights in Iceland, let’s wrap up this guide.

Conclusion

Experiencing the Northern Lights in Iceland is a mesmerizing adventure that combines natural beauty, scientific wonder, and a touch of magic. From the vibrant dancing lights above to the serene landscapes below, Iceland provides a stunning backdrop for capturing the auroras and creating lasting memories.

In this comprehensive guide, we’ve covered the essentials of understanding the Northern Lights, including the science behind the phenomenon, the best time to see them in Iceland, and the recommended locations for viewing. We’ve also provided valuable tips on how to prepare for your Northern Lights expedition, essential gear for photography, camera settings, and proper etiquette to follow while experiencing this celestial spectacle.

While witnessing the Northern Lights in person is an incredible experience, we’ve also highlighted other ways to enjoy this natural wonder, such as joining tours, visiting planetariums and exhibitions, or indulging in hot springs and geothermal baths. These alternatives allow you to immerse yourself in Icelandic culture and nature, even if the weather doesn’t cooperate.

Remember, the Northern Lights are a dynamic and unpredictable phenomenon, so patience, persistence, and adaptability are key. Embrace the mystery and wonder of nature as you chase the auroras, and be sure to prioritize safety and respect for the environment along the way.

Whether you capture stunning photographs, embark on unique adventures, or simply stand in awe of the dancing lights, the Northern Lights in Iceland promise an unforgettable experience. So, pack your warm clothing, grab your camera, and prepare for an adventure that will leave you spellbound under the enchanting Northern Lights.