A Complete Guide To Matera, Italy – The City Of Caves
Introduction
Welcome to Matera, Italy – a city unlike any other. Tucked away in the southern region of Basilicata, Matera is known for its unique landscape and rich history. This ancient city is famous for its centuries-old cave dwellings, known as “Sassi,” which have earned it the nickname “The City of Caves.”
Stepping foot in Matera feels like stepping back in time. The Sassi, carved into the limestone cliffs, provide a glimpse into the city’s intriguing past. The caves, originally used as primitive shelters, evolved over the centuries to become homes, churches, and even workshops. Today, they stand as a testament to Matera’s enduring spirit and its people’s resilience.
While Matera may once have been characterized by poverty and neglect, it has undergone a remarkable transformation. In 1993, the Sassi were designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, shining a global spotlight on this hidden gem. Since then, Matera has emerged as a thriving cultural hub, attracting visitors from around the world who come to explore its historic charm and immerse themselves in the beauty of its unique landscape.
This guide will take you on a journey through Matera, providing you with all the information you need to make the most of your visit. From the fascinating history of Matera to the must-visit attractions and the best local cuisine, we will uncover the wonders that await you in this captivating city.
Whether you’re a history enthusiast, a food lover, or simply seeking a one-of-a-kind travel experience, Matera has something to offer everyone. So, lace up your walking shoes, open your mind to the wonders of the past, and let’s embark on a memorable adventure through the City of Caves.
History of Matera
The history of Matera dates back thousands of years, making it one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world. Archaeological evidence suggests that humans started settling in the area as early as the Paleolithic era.
Throughout its history, Matera has been influenced by various civilizations, including the Romans, Byzantines, and Normans. However, it is the settlement of the ancient Italic people, known as the Materani, that gave the city its name.
One of the defining features of Matera is its unique cave dwellings, called Sassi. These dwellings were carved into the soft limestone and served as homes for the local population for centuries. The Sassi were a result of Matera’s strategic location, providing natural protection and defense.
During the medieval period, Matera experienced a period of great prosperity. The town expanded, and numerous churches, monasteries, and palaces were built. However, in the 18th and 19th centuries, Matera fell into a state of extreme poverty and neglect. Overcrowding, lack of sanitation, and poor living conditions plagued the Sassi, resulting in the city being dubbed the “Shame of Italy.”
It wasn’t until the 20th century that Matera’s plight was brought to the attention of the world. In the 1950s, Italian filmmaker Pier Paolo Pasolini selected Matera as the location for his film “The Gospel According to Matthew.” The film showcased the unique landscapes and structures of Matera, shedding light on the city’s hidden beauty and architectural significance.
This exposure eventually led to Matera’s revitalization. The Italian government took action to improve living conditions in the Sassi and relocate the residents to modern housing. Efforts to restore the ancient caves and preserve the unique cultural heritage of Matera gained momentum.
Today, Matera is a thriving city that seamlessly blends its rich history with modern developments. The Sassi have been meticulously preserved and serve as a living museum, attracting visitors who come to marvel at the unique architectural wonders of this ancient city.
Exploring Matera’s history is a journey that takes you back in time. From the ancient cave dwellings to the layers of civilizations that have left their mark, Matera’s history is truly fascinating and deserves to be discovered.
Getting to Matera
Getting to Matera is relatively easy, with several transportation options available.
By Air: The closest major airport to Matera is Bari Karol Wojtyla Airport, located about 65 kilometers away. From the airport, you can rent a car or take a shuttle bus to Matera. The journey takes approximately one hour.
By Train: Matera has its own train station, which is connected to major Italian cities like Rome, Naples, and Bari. From the train station, you can take a bus or taxi to reach the city center. The train journey offers scenic views of the Italian countryside.
By Car: If you prefer a road trip, Matera is easily accessible by car. The city is well-connected to the highway network, making it convenient to drive from other parts of Italy. Parking is available in designated areas, but keep in mind that driving within the historic center, the Sassi, is restricted.
By Bus: There are also regular bus services that connect Matera with neighboring cities and towns. The buses are comfortable and affordable, offering a convenient option for travelers who prefer public transportation.
Once you arrive in Matera, it’s best to explore the city on foot. The historic center is pedestrian-friendly, with narrow alleys and staircases leading to various attractions. Comfortable walking shoes are a must, as you’ll be traversing the charming streets and discovering the hidden gems of the Sassi.
Getting to Matera is just the beginning of your journey. As you approach the city and catch your first glimpse of the breathtaking landscape, you’ll know that you’re about to embark on an unforgettable adventure in the City of Caves.
Accommodation Options
When it comes to accommodation in Matera, you have a range of options to choose from, each offering its own unique experience.
1. Cave Hotels: For a truly immersive experience, stay in a cave hotel. These converted ancient dwellings provide a glimpse into Matera’s history while offering modern amenities and comfort. Many cave hotels are located in the heart of the Sassi, allowing you to fully immerse yourself in the atmosphere of Matera’s underground world.
2. Boutique Hotels: Matera is also home to numerous boutique hotels, offering a blend of modern design and historic charm. These establishments are often located in renovated old buildings and provide personalized services to make your stay memorable.
3. Guesthouses and Bed & Breakfasts: If you’re looking for a cozy and welcoming atmosphere, consider staying at a guesthouse or bed & breakfast. These accommodations are often family-run, providing a home-away-from-home experience. You’ll have the chance to interact with the locals and get insider tips on exploring Matera.
4. Traditional Apartments: Renting a traditional apartment is another option for those who want to experience Matera like a local. These apartments give you the freedom to prepare your own meals and live at your own pace while enjoying the comforts of a home.
Regardless of the type of accommodation you choose, you’ll find that Matera offers a range of options to suit different budgets and preferences. It’s worth noting that staying within the Sassi is a popular choice as it allows you to fully immerse yourself in the unique ambiance of Matera’s ancient caves.
Whichever accommodation option you choose, you’re in for a treat. Waking up in Matera is a magical experience, as you step outside your door and are greeted by the enchanting architecture and panoramic views of the city. You’re sure to create lasting memories as you explore the Sassi and uncover the secrets of Matera’s past.
Exploring the Sassi
Exploring the Sassi is an essential part of any visit to Matera. These ancient cave dwellings, carved into the limestone cliffs, offer a captivating glimpse into the city’s fascinating history and culture.
Begin your exploration by wandering through the narrow, winding streets of the Sassi. Lose yourself in the labyrinth-like alleys that weave between the ancient dwellings, and let the unique atmosphere of this UNESCO World Heritage Site envelop you.
As you explore, you’ll discover hidden courtyards, vibrant murals, and small artisan shops tucked away in the caves. Take the time to visit the Casa Grotta, a preserved cave dwelling that provides a glimpse into what life was like for the residents of Matera in the past.
One of the highlights of the Sassi is the stunning viewpoint known as Piazza Vittorio Veneto. From here, you can take in panoramic views of the city, with the Sassi stretching out before you. It’s an ideal spot for capturing breathtaking photographs and appreciating the unique beauty of Matera.
For a deeper understanding of the Sassi’s history, consider visiting the Casa Noha. This multimedia museum takes you on a journey through the centuries, unraveling the stories of the people who once inhabited these cave dwellings.
No exploration of the Sassi is complete without a visit to the Rock Churches. Carved into the soft limestone, these ancient churches showcase stunning frescoes and intricate architectural details. Don’t miss the famous Church of Santa Maria de Idris and the Church of San Pietro Caveoso, both of which are true masterpieces.
As you wander through the Sassi, take the time to soak in the ambiance and observe the daily life of the Materans. You’ll likely come across locals sitting outside their homes, chatting with neighbors, or tending to small gardens. The warmth and hospitality of the Materan people will further enrich your experience.
Whether you’re a history enthusiast, an architecture lover, or simply seeking a unique travel experience, exploring the Sassi is a must-do in Matera. Allow yourself to get lost in the maze of ancient caves, and let the stories of Matera’s past unfold around you. It’s an adventure that will leave a lasting impression and create memories to cherish.
The Rock Churches of Matera
One of the most remarkable aspects of Matera’s cultural heritage is its rock churches. Carved into the soft limestone cliffs, these ancient churches are a testament to Matera’s religious history and architectural prowess.
Visiting the rock churches is like stepping into a sacred world frozen in time. These unique structures showcase stunning frescoes, intricate carvings, and beautiful Byzantine-inspired architecture. Each church tells its own story and offers a glimpse into Matera’s rich religious and cultural traditions.
One of the most famous rock churches in Matera is the Church of Santa Maria de Idris. Located in the heart of the Sassi, this church features intricate frescoes depicting scenes from the Bible. The detailed artwork, dating back centuries, is a true masterpiece and offers a glimpse into the artistic richness of Matera’s past.
Another noteworthy rock church is the Church of San Pietro Caveoso. Built in the 12th century, this church showcases a mix of architectural styles, reflecting Matera’s historical influences. Inside, you’ll find well-preserved frescoes and an atmosphere of serenity that invites contemplation.
For those interested in delving deeper into Matera’s religious history, a visit to the Crypt of Original Sin is a must. This underground church is accessed through a narrow staircase and is adorned with stunning frescoes dating back to the 9th century. Its unique name comes from a fresco portraying the expulsion of Adam and Eve from the Garden of Eden.
As you explore the rock churches of Matera, take the time to appreciate the craftsmanship and dedication that went into their construction. The combination of human ingenuity and the natural beauty of the caves creates an otherworldly atmosphere that leaves a lasting impression.
It’s important to note that some of the rock churches may have limited visiting hours or may require advanced reservations. It’s worth planning your visit in advance and checking the availability of guided tours, as they can provide valuable insights into the history and significance of these ancient structures.
Visiting the rock churches of Matera is a journey of spiritual and artistic discovery. Each church carries with it centuries of history, and exploring them allows you to connect with the deep-rooted traditions and cultural heritage of this extraordinary city.
Museums in Matera
Matera is not only known for its cave dwellings and rock churches but also for its fascinating museums that offer a deeper understanding of the city’s rich history and cultural heritage. Exploring these museums is a great way to delve into the various aspects of Matera’s past and gain valuable insights into its evolution over time.
One of the must-visit museums in Matera is the Museo della Civiltà Contadina (Museum of Peasant Culture). Located in a restored 18th-century building, this museum showcases the rural traditions and way of life in the region. With exhibits ranging from agricultural tools to traditional clothing, it offers a comprehensive look at the customs and practices of the Materan community.
The Musma – Museo della Scultura Contemporanea (Museum of Contemporary Sculpture) is another notable museum in Matera. Housed in a former church, this museum highlights the works of contemporary sculptors from around the world. The juxtaposition of modern art within the ancient structure creates a unique and thought-provoking experience.
History enthusiasts will appreciate the Museo Archeologico Nazionale Domenico Ridola (National Archaeological Museum Domenico Ridola). Located in a 16th-century building, this museum displays artifacts and archaeological finds that trace Matera’s history from prehistoric times to the Roman era. From pottery to ancient tools, the museum offers a glimpse into the daily lives of the ancient inhabitants of the region.
For those interested in the historical development of Matera, the Casa Ridolfi Museum is a fascinating place to visit. Housed in a restored noble residence, this museum explores the architectural and urban evolution of Matera. It offers a captivating journey through the city’s history, from its ancient origins to its modern-day transformation.
Another unique museum in Matera is the Underground Museum. This subterranean museum takes you deep into the city’s underground caves and tunnels, revealing the hidden history and secrets beneath the surface. The guided tour provides valuable insights into the city’s geology, ancient water systems, and the ingenious use of caves throughout the centuries.
These are just a few examples of the remarkable museums Matera has to offer. From archaeology to contemporary art, there is something to satisfy every curiosity. So, take the time to explore these museums, immerse yourself in the captivating stories they tell, and gain a deeper appreciation for the rich cultural heritage of Matera.
Traditional Cuisine of Matera
Exploring the traditional cuisine of Matera is a delightful journey for food lovers. Rooted in tradition, the local gastronomy reflects the city’s agricultural heritage and simple yet flavorful dishes that have been passed down through generations.
One of the staples of Matera’s cuisine is bread. Matera bread, also known as “Pane di Matera,” is a protected and recognized traditional product. Made from durum wheat semolina and natural yeast, this bread boasts a distinct flavor and a dense texture. It’s commonly enjoyed as bruschetta or paired with local cheese and cured meats.
Another iconic dish of Matera is “cavatelli,” a type of handmade pasta. These small, shell-shaped pasta dumplings are typically served with a variety of sauces, including tomato-based ragù, meatballs, or even a simple garlic and oil dressing. The tender and chewy texture of cavatelli makes it a popular choice among locals and visitors alike.
When it comes to main courses, “peperoni cruschi” is a not-to-be-missed specialty. These dried and fried peppers are a traditional ingredient in many Materan dishes, adding a unique smoky flavor and a satisfying crunch. They can be used to enhance pasta dishes, salads, or even served as a side dish.
For meat lovers, “agneau a la pignata” is a must-try. This slow-cooked lamb dish is prepared in a traditional terra cotta pot called a “pignata,” which gives the meat a tender and flavorful result. The use of aromatic herbs and local ingredients creates a dish that truly embodies the essence of Matera’s cuisine.
As you indulge in the traditional flavors of Matera, be sure to save room for dessert. “Scalettine” are sweet almond cookies typical of the city. These crispy treats are made with almonds, sugar, and egg whites, resulting in a delicate and delicious confection that pairs perfectly with a cup of coffee or a local dessert wine.
To complement your meal, savor a glass of Aglianico del Vulture, a renowned red wine produced in the nearby Vulture area. This full-bodied wine with its robust flavors pairs well with the rich and hearty dishes of Matera.
Immersing yourself in the traditional cuisine of Matera is not just about eating; it’s about experiencing the local culture and traditions. From the earthy flavors to the passion and dedication infused in every dish, Matera’s gastronomy tells a story of its people, their love for quality ingredients, and the pride they take in preserving their culinary heritage.
Day Trips from Matera
While exploring Matera is a captivating experience on its own, there are also several fascinating day trip options to enhance your visit to the region. These destinations offer a chance to further immerse yourself in the cultural and natural wonders of southern Italy.
1. Alberobello: Just a short drive from Matera lies the picturesque town of Alberobello. Known for its distinctive trulli houses – traditional dry stone huts with conical roofs – Alberobello is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and a charming destination to explore. Take a stroll through the narrow streets lined with trulli, visit the Trullo Sovrano, a two-story trulli house turned museum, and soak in the unique atmosphere of this enchanting town.
2. Locorotondo: Another nearby town worth visiting is Locorotondo. Known for its whitewashed houses with distinct roofs and charming historic center, Locorotondo offers a glimpse into traditional Apulian architecture. Explore the winding alleys, visit the Church of San Giorgio, and enjoy panoramic views of the surrounding vineyards and olive groves.
3. Taranto: Located on the coast of the Ionian Sea, Taranto is a historic city with a rich heritage. Explore its ancient Greek and Roman ruins, including the Archaeological Museum of Taranto, which houses impressive artifacts from various civilizations. Don’t miss a visit to the Old Town, known as Taranto Vecchia, with its narrow alleys and historic churches.
4. Matera’s Surrounding Countryside: Matera’s countryside offers scenic landscapes dotted with vineyards, olive groves, and quaint villages. Take a leisurely drive through the countryside, stop at local wineries to taste regional wines, and discover charming towns like Gravina in Puglia or Castellaneta, each with its own unique charm and historical sites.
5. Craco: For a truly unique experience, visit the ghost town of Craco. Located about an hour’s drive from Matera, Craco was abandoned in the 1960s due to natural disasters and now stands as an eerie and haunting reminder of the past. Explore the empty streets and the ruins of the once-thriving town, and marvel at the striking panoramic views of the surrounding countryside.
These are just a few day trip options from Matera, offering a chance to explore the diverse beauty and history of the region. Whether you choose to visit neighboring towns, historic sites, or the charming countryside, each excursion promises to add depth and dimension to your visit to Matera.
Festivals and Events in Matera
Matera is a city that knows how to celebrate its rich cultural heritage through vibrant festivals and events throughout the year. Attending these festivities offers a unique opportunity to immerse yourself in the local traditions, music, food, and camaraderie of the Materan people.
1. Festa della Bruna: The Festa della Bruna, held on July 2nd, is considered the most important festivity in Matera. Named after the city’s patron saint, Madonna della Bruna, the celebration centers around a procession that carries a statue of the saint through the streets of the Sassi. The festivities culminate in the symbolic destruction of a large papier-mâché float, representing the old city, in the Piazza Vittorio Veneto.
2. Materadio: For music enthusiasts, Materadio is a must-attend event. This annual music festival, held in July, features renowned artists from various genres, including rock, jazz, and world music. The festival takes place in different locations throughout the city, including the beautiful setting of the Sassi caves.
3. La Festa di San Rocco: Celebrated on August 16th, the Festa di San Rocco pays homage to Saint Roch, the protector against the plague. The festival begins with a solemn religious procession, followed by joyful festivities, including traditional dances, music performances, and fireworks.
4. Open-air Cinema in the Sassi: During the summer, the enchanting Sassi provide a unique backdrop for open-air cinema screenings. Settle down on a warm summer night and watch classic Italian movies or contemporary films under the starlit sky, creating an unforgettable cinematic experience.
5. Matera Balloon Festival: The Matera Balloon Festival, held in September, fills the skies of Matera with colorful hot air balloons. Visitors can witness the breathtaking sight of the balloons ascending gracefully over the Sassi, creating a magical atmosphere. The festival also offers activities for children and exciting opportunities to take flight in a hot air balloon.
Matera’s festivals and events are not only a celebration of local traditions but also an invitation for visitors to immerse themselves in the vibrant cultural fabric of the city. By participating in these festivities, you can connect with the community, witness age-old customs, and create lasting memories in the lively and welcoming atmosphere of Matera.
Useful Tips for Visiting Matera
Visiting Matera offers a unique and unforgettable experience. To make the most of your trip, here are some useful tips to keep in mind:
1. Comfortable Footwear: Matera’s streets and alleys can be uneven and hilly, so it’s essential to wear comfortable walking shoes to explore the city comfortably.
2. Sun Protection: Matera can get quite hot, especially during the summer months. Don’t forget to bring sunscreen, a hat, and sunglasses to protect yourself from the sun.
3. Respectful Attire: When visiting churches and religious sites, it’s important to dress modestly and respectfully, covering your shoulders and knees.
4. Water and Snacks: Carry a water bottle with you, especially on hot days, as staying hydrated is important. It’s also a good idea to have some snacks on hand for a quick energy boost during your adventures.
5. Guided Tours: Consider joining a guided tour to gain a deeper understanding of the history and significance of the Sassi and other attractions. Local guides can provide valuable insights and uncover hidden gems you might otherwise miss.
6. Cash or Card: While most establishments in Matera accept credit/debit cards, it’s always a good idea to carry some cash for smaller purchases or situations where cards may not be accepted.
7. Language: Although English is generally spoken in Matera, knowing a few basic Italian phrases can go a long way in terms of communication and cultural immersion.
8. Local Cuisine: Don’t miss the opportunity to savor Matera’s traditional cuisine. Try local specialties such as Pane di Matera, cavatelli pasta, and peperoni cruschi to truly experience the flavors of the region.
9. Visit Both Sassi: Make sure to explore both the Sasso Caveoso and Sasso Barisano. Each offers its own charm and unique sights to discover.
10. Enjoy the Night Ambiance: Matera takes on a different charm at night with the twinkling lights, creating a magical atmosphere. Take a leisurely evening walk through the alleys and enjoy the peaceful ambiance of the city.
By keeping these tips in mind, you’ll be well-prepared to fully immerse yourself in the wonders of Matera and create lasting memories in this captivating and historic city.
Conclusion
Matera, the City of Caves, offers a truly unique travel experience that blends a rich history with captivating landscapes. From the ancient cave dwellings of the Sassi to the rock churches and vibrant festivals, Matera is a destination that enchants visitors with its intriguing past and warm hospitality.
As you wander through the narrow streets and explore the hidden corners of Matera, you’ll be transported back in time, immersing yourself in a world that seems frozen in history. The preservation of the Sassi and the restoration of its unique architecture is a testament to the determination and pride of the Materan people.
From extensive archaeological sites to contemporary art exhibits, Matera offers a wealth of cultural experiences that allow you to engage with the city’s complex narrative. Whether you’re fascinated by ancient history, captivated by art and architecture, or simply seeking a memorable travel experience, Matera has something to offer everyone.
Amidst the enchanting beauty of Matera’s streets and alleys, don’t forget to savor the traditional cuisine, take part in lively festivals and events, and explore the surrounding countryside. Each aspect adds to the multifaceted charm of the city and allows for a deeper appreciation of its rich cultural heritage.
Remember to embrace the local customs, interact with the Materan people, and fully immerse yourself in the ambiance of this remarkable city. As you leave Matera, you’ll carry with you memories of its captivating landscape and the warm embrace of its cultural treasures.
So, pack your bags, lace up your walking shoes, and get ready to embark on a journey through time and culture in the extraordinary city of Matera. It’s an experience that will leave an indelible mark on your heart and mind for years to come.
